ABSTRACT
Cloud computing technologies have reached a high level of development, yet a number of obstacles still exist that must be overcome before widespread commercial adoption can become a reality. In a cloud environment, end users requesting services and cloud providers negotiate service-level agreements (SLAs) that provide explicit statements of all expectations and obligations of the participants. If cloud computing is to experience widespread commercial adoption, then incorporating risk assessment techniques is essential during SLA negotiation and service operation. This article focuses on the legal issues surrounding risk assessment in cloud computing. Specifically, it analyses risk regarding data protection and security, and presents the requirements of an inherent risk inventory. The usefulness of such a risk inventory is described in the context of the OPTIMIS project.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of intraperitoneally administered vitamin E with the sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA/CBMC) in preventing postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion formation. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats underwent a laparotomy and adhesions were induced (IA). The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, control (IA); group 2 (IA + Vitamin E): group 3 (IA+HA/CBMC) and group 4 (IA+ Vitamin E + HA/CBMC). The Vitamin E (groups 2 and 4) and HA/CBMC (groups 3 and 4) were administered intraperitoneally before the abdominal wall was closed. After 30 days, adhesions were classified by an independent surgeon. RESULTS: Three animals died; one from group 3 and two from group 4. All control animals had substantial adhesions compared with unsubstantial adhesions observed in 11/15 in group 2 (P = 0.000), 11/14 in group 3 (P = 0.001), and 10/13 in group 4 (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Vitamin E, administered intraperitoneally, is as effective as HA/CBMC in preventing postoperative adhesions.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/administration & dosage , Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage , Peritoneal Diseases/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Male , Peritoneal Diseases/pathology , Postoperative Complications/pathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tissue Adhesions/prevention & controlABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of intraperitoneally administered vitamin E with the sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA/CBMC) in preventing postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion formation. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats underwent a laparotomy and adhesions were induced (IA). The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, control (IA); group 2 (IA + Vitamin E): group 3 (IA+HA/CBMC) and group 4 (IA+ Vitamin E + HA/CBMC). The Vitamin E (groups 2 and 4) and HA/CBMC (groups 3 and 4) were administered intraperitoneally before the abdominal wall was closed. After 30 days, adhesions were classified by an independent surgeon. RESULTS: Three animals died; one from group 3 and two from group 4. All control animals had substantial adhesions compared with unsubstantial adhesions observed in 11/15 in group 2 (P = 0.000), 11/14 in group 3 (P = 0.001), and 10/13 in group 4 (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Vitamin E, administered intraperitoneally, is as effective as HA/CBMC in preventing postoperative adhesions.
OBJETIVO: Comparar a efetividade da Vitamina E e da membrana de Carboximetilcelulose/Hialuronato de Sódio (CBMC/HA) na prevenção da formação de aderências intraperitoneais pós-operatórias. MÉTODOS: Sessenta ratos Wistar foram submetidos à laparotomia para indução de aderências (IA) com abrasão do ceco seguido de aplicação de álcool absoluto e sutura com fio de seda no peritônio parietal. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos: 1 controle ( IA ); 2 ( IA + Vitamina E ); 3( IA + CBMC/HA ) e 4 ( IA + Vitamina E + CBMC/HA ). A Vitamina E ( grupos 2 e 4 ) e CBMC/HA ( grupos 3 e 4 ) foram administrados intraperitonealmente antes do fechamento da parede. Os ratos foram sacrificados em 30 dias e as aderências foram classificadas por cirurgião independente. Resultados: Três animais morreram, sendo um do grupo 3 e dois do grupo 4. Todos os animais do grupo controle ( 1 ) tiveram aderências substanciais, comparados com aderências insubstanciais em 11/15 no grupo 2 ( p = 0,000 ), 11/14 no grupo 3 ( p = 0,001 ) e 10/13 no grupo 4 ( p = 0,000 ). CONCLUSÃO: A Vitamina E administrada de maneira intraperitoneal é tão eficaz quanto a CBMC/HA na prevenção da formação de aderências pós-operatórias.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/administration & dosage , Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage , Peritoneal Diseases/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Peritoneal Diseases/pathology , Postoperative Complications/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Tissue Adhesions/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Os autores fazem o relato de caso de um paciente com isquemia cerebral transitória. É feita uma análise nao só do caso em questao, mas também uma revisao dos diferentes aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos desta patologia, incluindo sua etiopatogenia, quadro clínico, diagnóstico e tratamento. É objetivo o chamamento à possibilidade de prevençao da aterosclerose, tendo em vista que esta é a principal causa do aparecimento de isquemia cerebral transitória.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Atherosclerosis/complications , Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Ischemic Attack, Transient/etiology , Angiography , Atherosclerosis/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Echocardiography, DopplerABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam o caso de um paciente de 62 anos de idade com hemoperitônio espontâneo devido à ruptura de carcinoma hepatocelular associado à cirrose hepática. É relatada a pouca freqüência dessa complicaçao e discutido o melhor tratamento a ser empregado que, nesse caso foi a hepatectomia lateral esquerda.
